The Grinch

What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the term villain? Often when we think of a villain we think of people who revel in destruction and have dark masks obscuring their faces. However, we are quick to forget the unseen killers. The ones that go unpunished, people who are incurable taking the world by storm. That is why, out of the unlimited number of villains we have to choose from, as our incessant need to create heroes whom we can place hope in continues, the Caring is by far the best villain.In the movie, â€Å"The Caring†, he proves to know his power isn't his ability to destroy things but the happiness of the people who own them. He knows more than death and demolition his ability to be the Caring, to spread his disease of depression and take away the very enthusiasm that pushes Hovel forward as a society, gives him complete control and makes him truly nefarious. His usual tactics begin to become insufficient in filling the void he knows , deep down, only acceptance will mend. In a furious attempt to push this concept away he decides to steal Christmas.Trapped in a world of despondency and numbness, Caring envies the Who's and their ability to love and feel because he fears love is something he will never be acquainted with. He wants everyone else around him to see life In the same way he does and decides the best way to do this Is to target one of the last vestiges of hope and childhood the Who's have left. The Caring is a clear embodiment of the many qualities and characteristics specific to a villain we discussed in class such as inferiority complex, visual otherness and determination of the will .One only need to heed light to the aspects of the Caring that make him a crook to reveal a very effective and Intriguing one at that. Due to self-image issues and childhood trauma,the Caring has a severe inferiority complex. The Caring is portrayed in a very comic manner but in truth this humor is used to obscure the pain and subsi diaries he's attempted to suppress all his life. He has all this hate and disappointment aimed towards himself but he is Incapable of understanding that the only way to beat ourselves Is to stop fighting, to let go.The Caring tries to counterbalance what he feels towards himself by becoming great and rueful to prove to himself that he's worth something. This is why man v. S self is the hardest battle to wage. The Caring is an equal opponent of himself so he will never win; with every bit of power he gains he will find another thing about himself to antagonize over. His blindness continually pushes him to try and substantiate his reign over Whole. At one point in the movie we see him go into Weevil and absolutely terrorize the people but his high fades as he returns home.As he changes clothes the first thing he does Is pick on how his body looks and decides he can't go o Weevil with Cindy because his schedule is booked with wallowing in self-pity, staring into the abyss, wrestling wi th his self-loathing, and dinner with himself. This is interesting because his desire to eat alone shows he doesn't think he deserves the presence and company of others in his life. Another noticeable example we see in simply trying to overcompensate for his lack of self-esteem.However, The Caring, along with audience sees that even stealing Christmas doesn't make him powerful enough to banish his own demons. Another trait the Caring exhibits is visual otherness. In this case the Gringo's inferiority complex and visual otherness are strongly linked and codependent to an extent. The Caring despises the way he looks and always compares himself to others which creates an atmosphere perfect for self-hatred and a feeling of inferiority. The Gringo's visual otherness is a very prominent component of not only how he views himself but of how the others depict him.He is bright green and furry from head to toe with chipped rotting teeth, deep wrinkle lines etched into his skin, and an unkempt green mass of hair on his head somewhat resembling a Mohawk. This is definitely a major contrast to rosy cheeked blond haired Cindy Lo Who. In this movie, his outer appearance is meant to reflect the self-torment going on inside. From a young age he struggles with choosing his humanity over the beast inside and we can see this paralleled in his appearance.As he turns further away from his humanity he looks less and less like a human and more like the tortured soul the rejection and hardness of the world has molded him into. As in many stories we can distinguish the characters between the ways they look or the colors they wear. The Green of the Gringo's skin and the dirty brown of the rags he wears represent evil, while the Jovial bright reds and pinks associated with Cindy Lo Who represent pure goodness and a rare untainted innocence. We often say love makes man do the most irrational things, but one could argue its heartbreak.It was the lethal combination of heartbreak and determi nation of the will that compelled the Caring to destroy the society that told him (even when he shed all the things that made him unique)he wasn't good enough and that he would never be good enough. That's why he's such a significant villain. The pain of the heartbreak the Who's caused him, along with his infallible drive to accomplish whatever he sets his mind to, makes him almost inexorable. However this determination is a quality often shared between the villain and the hero.This is because determination of the will is an impartial trait with equal opportunity to be claimed either for darkness or light. It depends on who possesses it. The Caring, being an anti-villain, has darkness in him but he also has light. While this quality is identified in his obstinacy of wanting to story Christmas and the spirit of the Who's, we can also distinguish it in his unrelenting resolve to make Martha a Christmas gift worthy of her love, or in his ability to pull a sled weighing more than a ton off the side of a cliff on account of pure willpower and his desire to save the little girl sitting in it.When it comes to his goals and ambitions, the Caring demonstrates tunnel vision, seeing nothing but the final outcome he desires to reach. When we see things with blinders on as the Caring does, we can become dangerous as we lose our ability to see consequences and the indirect impact of our actions. However, this allows us to pull strength from within ourselves we never knew we had to complete our undertakings. This immense Gringo's actions.It is apparent that the crunch is a very interesting and dynamic character with many aspects that make him villainous and offer explanation for the commonly known phrase â€Å"his heart was two sizes too small. † Inferiority complex, visual otherness and determination of the will, provide undeniable proof the Caring is a villain but it has yet to be understood why the Caring is the best villain. The reason the Caring is such a fantast ic villain is because Hess so relatable; we can all see a little of ourselves him.While we usually don't go climb a mountain over it, we all have days where we are plagued with doubts about where we fit into our society, never mind the world, and dysphasia spreads like a disease through our minds. We all have days where we are angry at the world and feel that's causing destruction and pain is the only way to satisfy our rage. We also all carry that determination to fight for what we want even when we know its wrong. Dry.Issues manages to create a character in which we can recognize villainous qualities and tendencies, but still have hope for him because we recognize those same aspects in ourselves, and we have to believe there's hope for people like the Caring because we have to believe there is hope for people like ourselves. Ultimately, the Caring is a portrait of the war between the good and bad in all of us and teaches us we can be fixed and we're not all doomed to be broken rec ords repeating our same mistakes again and again never being able to let go.

Brush Yo Teeth

Brush your teeth added 8-7-97 Original Author Unknown Sung to: â€Å"Row, Row Row your Boat† Brush, brush, brush your teeth. At least two times a day. Cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, cleaning, Fighting tooth decay. Floss, floss,floss your teeth. Every single day. Gently, gently, gently,gently, Whisking Plaque away. Rinse, rinse, rinse your teeth Every single day. Swishing, swishing, swishing, swishing, Fighting tooth decay. * Brush twice a day with an ADA — accepted fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque-the sticky film on teeth that's the main cause of tooth decay. Floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth and under the gumline, before it can harden into tartar. Once tartar has formed, it can only be removed by a professional cleaning. * Eat a well-balanced diet that limits starchy or sugary foods, which produce plaque acids that cause tooth decay. When you do eat these foods, try to eat them with your meal instead of as a snack-the extra saliva produced during a meal helps rinse food from the mouth. * Use dental products that contain fluoride, including toothpaste. * Make sure that your children's drinking water is fluoridated.If your water supply; municipal, well or bottled does not contain fluoride, your dentist or pediatrician may prescribe daily fluoride supplements. * Take your child to the dentist for regular checkups. What Brushing Techniques Can I Show My Child? You may want to supervise your children until they get the hang of these simple steps: * Use a pea-sized dab of an ADA-accepted fluoride toothpaste. Take care that your child does not swallow the toothpaste. * Using a soft-bristled toothbrush, brush the inside surface of each tooth first, where plaque may accumulate most.Brush gently back and forth. * Clean the outer surfaces of each tooth. Angle the brush along the outer gumline. Gently brush back and forth. * Brush the chewing surface of each tooth. Gently brush back and forth. * Use the tip of the brush to clean behind each front tooth, both top and bottom. * It's always fun to brush the tongue! When Should My Child Begin Flossing? Because flossing removes food particles and plaque between teeth that brushing misses, you should floss for your children beginning at age 4. By the time they reach age 8, most kids can begin flossing for themselves.What are Dental Sealants and How Do I Know if My Child Needs Them? A dental sealant creates a highly-effective barrier against decay. Sealants are thin plastic coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of a child's permanent back teeth, where most cavities form. Applying a sealant is not painful and can be performed in one dental visit. Your dentist can tell you whether your child might benefit from a dental sealant. What is Fluoride and How Do I Know if My Child is Getting the Right Amount? Fluoride is one of the best ways to help prevent against tooth decay.A naturally occurring mineral, fluoride combines with the tooth's enamel to strengthen it. In many mu nicipal water supplies, the right amount of fluoride is added for proper tooth development. To find out whether your water contains fluoride, and how much, call your local water district. If your water supply does not contain any (or enough) fluoride, your child's pediatrician or dentist may suggest using fluoride drops or a mouthrinse in addition to a fluoride toothpaste. How Important is Diet to My Child's Oral Health? A balanced diet is necessary for your child to develop strong, decay-resistant teeth.In addition to a full range of vitamins and minerals, a child's diet should include plenty of calcium, phosphorous, and proper levels of fluoride. If fluoride is your child's greatest protection against tooth decay, then frequent snacking may be the biggest enemy. The sugars and starches found in many foods and snacks like cookies, candies, dried fruit, soft drinks, pretzels and potato chips combine with plaque on teeth to create acids. These acids attack the tooth enamel and may le ad to cavities. Each â€Å"plaque attack† can last up to 20 minutes after a meal or snack has been finished.Even a little nibble can create plaque acids. So it's best to limit snacking between meals. What Should I Do if My Child Chips, Breaks or Knocks Out a Tooth? With any injury to your child's mouth, you should contact your dentist immediately. The dentist will want to examine the affected area and determine appropriate treatment. If your child is in pain from a broken, cracked or chipped tooth, you should visit the dentist immediately. You may want to give an over-the-counter pain reliever to your child until his/her appointment.If possible, keep any part of the tooth that has broken off and take this with you to the dentist. If a tooth is completely knocked out of the mouth by an injury, take the tooth to your dentist as soon as possible. Handle the tooth as little as possible — do not wipe or otherwise clean the tooth. Store the tooth in water or milk until you g et to a dentist. It may be possible for the tooth to be placed back into your child's mouth, a procedure called reimplantation. Fine motor and measuring Toothpaste Putty In bowl, mix 2 tablespoons cornstarch, 1 tablespoon white glue, and ? teaspoon toothpaste (not gel).Add ? teaspoon water. Stir until mixture is soft like putty. Putty may begin to harden in 20 minutes; to soften add a drop of water. Projects will dry hard in 24 hours. The more you pull and stretch this like taffy the better it gets. I also keep a small container like a tuna can on the table with a little water in it. This putty dries fast and if the children just dip their fingers periodically in the water and then handle the putty the few drops of water restores the texture. You can make a picture recipe of this and each child can follow the recipe to make their own personal amount of this dough

Celebrity Role Models

Today’s society revolves around the lives of those we call â€Å"famous† or â€Å"celebrities†, we are more focused on the lives of these people then our own. Today’s children see Celebrities as role models, however they are seen as role models for the wrong reasons and set a bad example for children. Although not all Celebrities are bad role models, a frightening amount are. Celebrities such as Miley Cyrus, Justin Bieber and Robin Thicke are prime examples of bad celebrity role models. Cyrus is well known for glorifying drug use and dressing inappropriately, Bieber is famous for using his money inappropriately and having several run-ins with the law and Thicke is known for his song â€Å"Blurred Lines† which hints at rape on several occasions, although they have been involved in controversies they are still seen as good people by today’s youth who seem to ignore the negatives these people portray. Celebrities seem to be involved in all kinds of controversy, Ranging from Affairs, Drug abuse, Alcoholism, Driving under influence and discriminatory comments. These celebrities pose a danger to today’s youth as they start to think there are little consequences to doing these things which is not true at all. One specific celebrity that is held in high regard to thousands of young boys in England predominately is Paul Gascoigne or â€Å"Gazza†. Paul Gascoigne was an English football player who rose to fame worldwide during the 1990 World Cup held in Italy. Gascoigne’s heroic performances earned him a place in the nation’s heart and made him one of the most famous Football players in the last 100 years. However â€Å"Gazza† quickly found himself in a downwards spiral with his troubled childhood and addiction to Alcohol turning him into a mess. In 1998 he first entered sustained therapy sessions when he was admitted into Priory Hospital after a drinking session where he drank 32 shots of whisky which left him at rock bottom Since 2004 he has battled with addictions to: Cigarettes, Alcohol, Red Bull, Junk Food, Gambling and exercise. In 2008 he was taken into protective custody after he attempted suicide while drunk. On 9th July 2010 Gascoigne appeared at the scene of the tense stand-off between the police and Raoul Moat, claiming to be a friend of Raoul Moat and stating that he had brought him a can of lager, some chicken, fishing rod, a Newcastle shirt and a dressing gown. After all the controversies he has been involved in Gascoigne is still held high in the hearts of England fans and somehow is thought of as inspirational.

Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender - Essay Example This picture is not new to us as long as female representation is concerned. This kind of image building of women has been performed by our media. In contemporary society, media plays a very crucial role in shaping public opinions. With the advent of new media such as internet smart phones, media has now been constantly around us, drilling into our head with the messages, which sometimes are very damaging. The major target of media these days is the body of woman which is worst and perverse. The representation of women in media has always been stereotypical. They are always represented as sex objects. It is an opening dialogue from the documentary film Miss Representation, â€Å"There is no appreciation for women as intellectuals. It is all about the body and never about the brain...† If we peep into the history of English literature for example, many facts of gender issues appear in front of us. There was no place for women writers in literary circle. Bronte sisters published a volume of poetry by adopting male names such as Curre, Ellis and Action Bell. The one and only reason was to conceal their feminine identity. The social, intellectual and psychological suppression of Victorian women is portrayed by Alfred Tennyson in his poem â€Å"Lady of Shallot.† The contemporary society had a very biased attitude about the female writers. The society was not ready to accept that the women have intellectuality of being writer. Twentieth century witnessed the breakage of this bondage by rebellious feminists through their literary work. Many women writers carved a niche for themselves through their outstanding writing skills. The women have proved themselves, but still the society is not ready to accept their brains, their logical, analytical and intellectual capacity. When there is a question of choosing body or brain of the woman, it is always body which is preferred object. Right from video games or children’s cartoons, women are represented as inferior, always caught by the demons and then are rescued by a brave young gallant. In short the children grow up with the upbringing that women are always inferior sex and men have to protect them and impose authority on them. Miss Representation is the documentary, which throws light on how the image of the women is always spoiled by media. A UNESCO report describes the litany of common image of women in the media. Women are always sex object for media. â€Å"the glamorous sex kitten.† (World Savvy). Dietz (1998) made four possible female stereotypes, which were based on their appearance and their behaviour. 1. Female as a sex object 2. Females as victims 3. Females as heroic or action characters Dietz in his research found that 41% of women in video games were shown as a sex object, 21% were portrayed as victims or ‘damsel in distress’ and only 15% women were portrayed as heroes or action characters. The male dominated media is not ready to accept woman as wa rrior, saviour, and protector but they like to portray her either as a victim or sex object. This report is really benumbing. In India, there are vernacular daily soaps, where the women are shown as being victimized by the members of their in-laws house. They are either physically or mentally tortured by their husbands and family members. When asked producers and directors about it, they comment carelessly that we show whatever is the demand of the public. According to them the majority of viewers of these serials are women and

Nursing Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing Philosophy - Assignment Example At the core of nursing is patient outcomes to the extent that the wellbeing of the patient, and indeed the general public, should be at the centre of the heart of every nurse. The practice of nursing should be based on continuous professional development, respect for culture and personal views, and high ethical standards. In this respect, the nurse should be accountable, compassionate, and professional as noted by Kutin (2013). Like Florence Nightingale, I believe that nursing goes beyond profession and is, in fact, a calling. As a calling, nursing is dedicated to helping those in need with humility to the extent that the nurse must be willing to devote long hours toward work and endure stressful situations. Given that people experience different issues, are influenced by different factors (spiritual, developmental, economic, ethic, and social among others) and hold different views, patience centered care should be practiced by the nurse. In line with my values, I believe that nursing is concerned with the preservation of life. In this respect, nursing involves working as an individual and as part of a team to provide the highest possible quality of care, achieve optimal patient outcomes, and improve patient safety as noted by St. Mary’s

Employment Law - Independent Contract Case Study Essay

Employment Law - Independent Contract Case Study - Essay Example The IRS defines an employee using existing common-law rules (IRS P-15a 4). The IRS maintains that it makes no difference how you label the relationship because the relationship between the employer and the person performing the service defines the relationship (IRS P-15a 4). The relationship that existed between Ark Bark and Joshua was bound by an oral agreement which was not put to writing. The employer, according to the case study, maintained an employer/employee relationship with Joshua by staying in frequent contact with him via telephone. It demonstrates that the employer, not Joshua, was in charge of maintaining the relationship that existed between them. The IRS tells us to examine the element of behavioral control between the parties (IRS P-15a 6). Behavioral control, whether it rests with the employer or the person performing the service, is significant in identifying the nature of the relationship. Behavioral control establishes â€Å"[†¦] whether a business has the right to direct and control how the worker does the task for which the worker is hired [†¦] (IRS P15a 6).† An employee, the IRS states, must generally follow the employer’s instructions on when, how, and where to perform the work (IRS P-15a 6). The employer gives the employee these instructions, that normally include the tools to use in performing the work, identifies who will assist the employee in accomplishing the work, where the employee must purchase or receive the relevant supplies and equipment necessary to perform the work, who performs each component of the task and in what order of priority it is performed (IRS P-15a 6). In the case study presented, we cannot say the employer issued directions to Joshua on when, how, and where to perform the work because we do not know the substance of the sixty-eight telephone calls made to Joshua by Ark Bark’s vice president. The employer did not provide Joshua the tools to perform the sales work, although

The law relating to non-fatal offences against the person is in urgent Essay

The law relating to non-fatal offences against the person is in urgent need of reform - Essay Example The law relating to non-fatal offences against the person is in urgent need of reform Some words have been interpreted in case laws, for instance, the term malicious which is used in Section 20 and 18 is not defined by the Act but courts have defined it as mens rea in section 20 and â€Å"with intent† in Sec 18. Assault, battery, grievous bodily harm and actual bodily harm are some non-fatal offenses which are contained in Section 18, 20 and 47 of the Offenses Against Persons Act 18612. Generally, offenses against a person refer to any crime which is committed by use of physical harm or force against the victim. Non-fatal offenses include assault, poisoning, wounding and inflicting grievous bodily harm, and battery. Wounding or inflicting grievous bodily harm is a crime according to Sec 18 of Offenses Against a Person Act 1861 while administering poison is offense which is outlawed by Sec 24 of the same Act3. The law has not defined the word malicious which is contained in Sec 18 and 20. The law should be reformed to give a proper definition of malicious which in simple language may refer to bad motive of the offender. Conflicting arguments about mens rea have also been witnessed. Sec 47 of the Act provides the same mens rea as for lesser offenses such as a battery or assault. The law in this case is inconsistent since it not a requirement for the offender to realize the risk of injury and liability will arise even when the offender causes grievous body harm that result to minor harm . 4. The law is also inconsistent in the sentencing structure on the maximum sentence attached to each offense. For instance, offenses under Sec 39 of the Act carries a maximum imprisonment term of six months while an offense under Sec 47 provides for a maximum of five years imprisonment5. Mens rea which is equivalent in both Sec 39 and Sec 47 of the Act leads to variations in the sentence thus unjust. Sec 20 offenses of the Act are considered to cause more injury yet they carry the same imprisonment sentence as sec 47 offenses. According to justice and fairn ess principles of the legal systems, offenders should be morally distinguishable and be treated in a different manner depending on their motive of committing the crime. The Offenses Against the Person Act 1861, is completely outdated since it does not reflect the current social structure. New forms of communication, diseases and methods of committing crime have not been catered for in the law. For instance, Sections 18, 20 and 47 of the Act use the common word â€Å"bodily harm† which leaves psychological injury that the victim may suffer due to fear or medical complications due to transmission of diseases such HIV. For instance, Sec 18 of the Act makes it offense wounding and causing grievous bodily harm with intention to the victim, but it fails to give a clear definition of injury. However, courts have been of the opinion that injury should constitute both physical and any mental injury sustained by the person including unconsciousness, pain, and impairment of the mental a bility of the person. Sec 20, which makes it offense to wound or inflict grievous bodily harm and Sec 39 on common law assault and battery does not define the nature of injury which can result from the reckless or intentional application of force to the victim6. The law on mens rea of battery needs urgent reforms. The prosecution should prove the unlawful application of force to the other person or the recklessness of the offender in his or her actions. Sec 47

Sense Making and sustainability in Petroleum industry Dissertation

Sense Making and sustainability in Petroleum industry - Dissertation Example The emergence of globalization along with a fast information exchange and cross cultural amalgamation has led business dynamics to incorporate several new aspects within it (Weiss et al, 2008, p.377). No doubt, the companies are making new ventures in foreign territories for optimizing their profit port folios, but the social and environmental aspects of international productions form a crucial part which forms the main trajectory of several new aspects as stated above. Relying only on maximizing profits and generating mammoth revenues will fetch only short run gains with dynamic decline. In order to become a dominant player in this globalised market with a goodwill establishment, the companies have to first of all become good corporate citizens. They have to incorporate the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) with various codes of conduct which will ensure socially responsible business practices within the business and its overseas as well as domestic operations. But app lying the attributes of CSR is not at all an easy task. Several challenges are faced by the management of companies in its proper implementation and maintaining the proper code of conduct. Geographical, economical, legal, cultural and political barriers act as hindrances in the proper implementation of CSR policies. Adverse conditions like agency problems, moral hazard, corruption and malpractices creep into the system which results in non compliance of the rules and regulation implementation and leads to sub optimal results.... Geographical, economical, legal, cultural and political barriers act as hindrances in the proper implementation of CSR policies. Adverse conditions like agency problems, moral hazard, corruption and malpractices creep into the system which results in non compliance of the rules and regulation implementation and leads to sub optimal results. In case of non compliance the initiator will face negative customer sanctions, capital loss, damaged brand values and so on (Pedersen & Andersen, 2006, p. 228). The oil industry bears a historical trend of malpractices, corruption and violent activities (Beri & Sinha, 2009). The prime agenda with oil is that it is generally scarce and the companies have a tendency to explore it wherever it is available. Thus in the oil companies, there has been a natural trend in participating within a global business paradigm and the emergence of CSR practices becomes a more robust parameter in conducting business in an ethical manner (Spence, 2011, pp.59-60). Hi gh vulnerability comes in short term and long term ways. In the short term, there may occur natural hazards like that of oil spills as well as improper sewage of excess natural gas and so on. The long term vulnerabilities include social risks like poorly paid labor, inadequately maintained equipment and threat to the indigenous people at stake facing atrocities and negligence and in some cases they are even killed (Multiple uses of the coastal zone, n.d.). Thus the historical evidences backed by this obnoxious phenomenon have urged the oil and gas TNCs (Transnational Corporations) to play a pioneering role in developing strong leadership roles in the development of good corporate practices as well as rules of behavior in the place of work and engagements in diverse

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality Essay

Management Research Reports- Labour turnover, hospitality - Essay Example Apart from these, there is lack of coordination between the industry and the educators due to which both the students that enter the work field and the industry, experience a gap. Conclusions have been drawn extensive study. The business environment today is turbulent and challenging. The hotel industry is characterized by low job security, low pay, shift duties and limited opportunities for promotion (Wong, Siu & Tsang, 1999), no breaks, fluctuating demand, simultaneous production and consumption (Birdir, 2002). The sector offers a range of contradictions on a daily basis (Baum & Nickson, 1998). Human capital is considered the greatest asset in meeting these challenges and gaining competitive edge. However, attracting, managing and retaining talent in the hospitality industry is the biggest challenge. Competitive advantage relies on service quality and delivery of service quality itself has become challenging due to high staff turnover in the industry. The industry does realize that high turnover of staff ultimately results in high recruitment and training costs but despite all efforts they have not been able to bring about changes in the situation. High turnover indicates that staff is not sufficientl y motivated to work for the organization. This in turn implies lack of commitment and loyalty from the employees. Since this is an issue that concerns the smaller as well as the larger firms in the industry, this requires an in-depth study. Various studies have been conducted in the past but most studies have focused on one particular issue or one particular region. This study proposes to be an umbrella study where all the various factors that cause high turnover will be looked into. High labour turnover is not a country-specific problem but is a global problem. This study would provide greater insight than is possible in one

Contractors in the Military Essay Example for Free

Contractors in the Military Essay Going back in time to the Civil War, private contractors can be found, providing support, logistics, and supplies to the military forces. If you think about today’s military bases and approaching the front gate that do you see? Well the first person you see is a private security guard standing there waiting to welcome you to fort whatever. Why don’t you see a Military Police Officer standing there? Simple question right, well it isn’t because the Military is going more and more towards a civilian work force. What does going to basically civilian work force do for those men and women that serve in the United States Military today? Is the government really making the right choice by continuing to use private contractors back home and abroad in war zones today? That is where this paper is going to search out the causes and effects of the use of private contractors or civilian work force in today’s Military. Today’s Military bases are flooded with civilian workforce working for the government as private contractors. The Government today is looking for anyway to cut Military budget and save money. But is using the civilian workforce saving money? Well let’s talk about those security guards at the front gate, let’s say the guard is between a GS 1-3 the average salary for them are seventeen thousand to twenty eight thousand a year. Now look at an Army Military Police Officer e-1 through e-3 which is equivalent to the GS 1-3 the salary for that e-1 through e-3 is between seventeen thousand to twenty thousand dollars a year. So from that little comparison using a private workforce really isn’t saving anyone any money. Let me remind you that doesn’t include years in service. Because more time in the GS ranks you make more money faster. But for that enlisted soldier his money caps after so many years. But everywhere you go you see more and more civilian workforce so there must be a positive side to having civilians work alongside with the Military agencies. Having private contractors work alongside with the Military can take some stress off of units that are deployed down range in combat zones. Those units can focus on their missions at hand and can rely on logistical support and personnel support from basically private security forces downrange. â€Å"For the State Department, armed contractors likewise perform a variety of security tasks†(Isenberg 2009). In comparison to past conflicts the United States was involved in like Gulf War one in which the ratio was one contractor to fifty eight service men. Now let’s jump to the Bosnia conflict where the ration jumped to one to fifth teen. Then you look at Iraq War which the ratio dropped to one to six. So the use of the contractor is becoming more evident in armed conflict zones. So many jobs that the Military gives to the private sector are specific jobs or a â€Å"valuable skill† that is a specific task. So by giving those specific jobs to contractors in war zones al lows the military to provide sustainment abilities on forward bases. â€Å"Then you have to look at the bad side of those private contractors, with the likes of Black Water, and Triple Canopy†(Cotton 2010). Those two companies have been involved in many altercations that put a bad taste in people’s mouth about private companies working in war zones. Each company did many things that caused a lot of crisis for fellow service members while they were deployed in hostile places. These companies go to do a job get paid more by our United States Government then goes and does hostile acts against the other country, that puts many other people not just service members in harm way. So why should the DOD pay people like this? Well that is just the great debate. So with the government in war still in Afghanistan, why do we continue to rely on so many private companies, well that is because of those vital assets those people offer. So if the government would put a little more faith in the Military Services we have and train. We could start working on the costs of what is spent while we are at war. Even though it would be great to limit the use of contractors, the use of the contractors just needs to be limited in certain ways. Keep using the ones that are needed to assist in logistical support and aid in missions to assist. Try and stop the use of the ones in war zones running missions could improve on the government spending, let those people that serve in the Military keep running those missions, because that is what enlisted do serve our country. Works Cited ISENBERG, DAVID. Shadow Force. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009. Praeger Security International Online. 1 Jan 2013.

Changing Trends Of Hospitality Industry In India Tourism Essay

Changing Trends Of Hospitality Industry In India Tourism Essay As the Hospitality industry is a very vast topic, therefore, in order to make my dissertation proposal probable, I had to narrow down the hospitality industry to hotels and bars only for some part of the project like the change in the viewpoints of consumers, and for certain hotels which have their locations all around the world. My key focus would be mainly the top Players in the Industry owing hotels and lounge. In the recent past years, India has witnessed a tremendous boom in the hospitality industry, just like many other segments. The fact that the Indias economy had been growing rapidly and India as a whole had been facing a huge challenge of being under roomed gave a juncture to the hospitality industry. In order to leverage this opportunity a lot of real estate developers have also been investing into this business. (http://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india/hotel-industry.html, viewed on 28-dec-2010) However, with an increase in the tourism industry, IT, BPO segments, foreign travelers, affordable airline fares, etc, there has been a growth in the hospitality industry. Many other factors such as Commonwealth Games in Delhi have been fueling the need further. The middle class is becoming more opulent and the native Indian tourist travel has been growing rapidly, particularly in places such as Goa, Kerala and Rajasthan.( http://www.iloveindia.com/economy-of-india/hotel-industry.html ,viewed on 28-dec-2010) It was often said that a hotel must have a beautiful location and a succulent food in order to succeed. However, in todays competitive world, even an inconsequential mistake can prove to be jeopardous. The contribution in the information technology segment has also strengthened and so the growing hospitality industries have started looking for new areas to improve their work and efficiencies. The IT first came into start at an upfront desk where the receptionist would look for the names of the customer and then provide them with a room. In order to improve the operations, big hotels started setting accounting system and softwares for their back offices. As the chain of hotels started progressing in their process across the country, it was much required to look after their assets. This gave rise to the demand for a system to manage the property, which allowed hospitality groups to keep a track of their assets across different states. It was during the same period of time, that the big hospitality chains also felt the need for centralizing the system. This period saw chain of hotels being networked and then connected to a central server. Just like the Taj Group of Hotels have linked a WAN thats named Taj Net, which connects the groups of 55 properties across India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. There are many advantages in having a centralized system. As the Hotel industries has been dependant on Travel and Tourism industry to a great extent, the combination of this travel and tourism has also helped in building up hospitality industry. (www.expresshospitality.com viewed on 03-Jan -2011) RECIPIENT FOR THE RESEARCH WORK The recipient for this research work would be: The key recipient Myself My research adviser Top Hotels/ Resto- Bars in India and their Managers The Customers of Hotels RESEARCH SUITABILITY The topic that I have chosen for research relates to me very well. In the present day scenario, the global market trend sights that the survival of the fittest companies are competing with each other and the quality and service that these companies provide are the key concept for any companies growth. My research is focused much towards the support and service that is provided after occupying the hotel room and for any organization it would be a basic foundation concept to satisfy their customers and understand the need of their customers. As we can see many of the leading MNCs are paving their path to countries, which could provide them with services with better quality. LITERATURE REVIEW The hospitality industry is one of the largest employers in most of the countries with being geographically dispersed in different sectors. The globalization of the industry has advanced under the influence of the advances in technology, transportation and communication, deregulation and elimination of political barriers as well as thriving competition in the global economy (Clarke and Chen, International Hospitality Management ,w. 2007). The hotel as a whole is basically a mix of five characteristics: its location, its mix of facilities, its image, the services that it provides and the price it charges (Holloway and Neil Taylor, 2006, Pg. 2003). As said by Amadeus, the global hotel industry is driven by globalization, new Technology and a new breed of customers. The hospitality industry, which has been with unparalleled opportunity, is undergoing a period of extraordinary transformation. A report accredited by the Amadeus group to learn about the hotel industry, recommended that the hospitality industry stand to face major difficulties from the emerging new technologies such as bookings through tele or mobile phones and from the online social networking sites. Guests can now easily exchange views about what they think of the hotels through social networking. Quality is now given more priority than before. Hotels are under threat to deliver the highest standards of excellence as the knowledge and level of exposure of travelers has increased. The hotels have been awaiting to modify their technology and communication systems as mobile booking has expected to become a very common practice.(HayHurst,2008). In recent years, the organizations in the hospitality industry are undergoing a great deal of distract as due to the pressure of globalization, the competitive forces within their businesses have been modified. Therefore, in order to survive, most companies have realized that they must frame a competitive advantage by relying on their employees to improve the quality of delivery (George Bohlander, Scott Snell, 2009 Business Economics) Hoteliers are now able to identify the value of risk taking, novelty, and the intense search for opportunities as primary drivers of growth and value creation (Jogaratnam G., Vol. 18 No. 6, 2006). In addition, there has been an increase in the usage of technology as a mode of making online reservations through several distribution channels. These channels can be interpreted as an organized and serviced system that is paid for, out of the marketing budget and is used to provide an access to the customers, who are away from the location of production and consumption (Middleton and Clark, Marketing in Travel and Tourism, 2001). Usually in India, customers would make a reservation by either directly approaching the hotel or by booking through a travel agent. However, now the electronic distribution channels like the Global Distribution System (GDS) and the internet have been steadily gaining popularity. (Dabas and Manakt., Vol. 19 No. 5, 2007). Because of the perishable nature of the inventories, its very crucial for the hotel to have an economical distribution. (OConnor ,Vol. 4. pg 1-15, 2002). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Every research methodology includes a research design which may be defined as the set of conditions organized hypothetically for the collection and analysis of data that aims to integrate relevance to the research process with economy in procedure Research Problem: Understanding the development in hospitality industry along with the current trends and, how the companies have been affected the need for their consumers as well as their perception. Research Question: The changing trends of the Hospitality Industry in India Research Objectives: 1. The performance of Hospitality industry in India. 2. How has the trend transformed in the past few years. 3. Analysing the demand and supply of accommodation and growing prices in different Indian hospitality industry? 4. How has the perception about the restaurants/hotels and bars changed in the minds of consumers? 5. Who are the chief players in the Indian market as well as the ones that have branched outside India? Approach: Since there is no relationship between the Hospitality Industry and the conclusion, the research would be fully prelusive so that the conclusion, which is being analysed using different methods of survey and study, would support the research. Strategy: The strategy that will be followed for the research work will be Surveys. Surveys will be taken from either the Hotels or Resto-Bars in India and also from the customers of different hospitality segments. DATA COLLECTION My data collection processes for this research would consist of series of procedures, which would be further branched into primary and secondary data collection. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION The main processes that I would be relying on while using my primary data collection would be through questionnaire based on the information, that will be done by personally meeting the customers and by sending them posts and by meeting the staff of the hotel in person. The questionnaire I would be working on, would be divided in a way that would be most efficient in handling them and by keeping the time factor into consideration, the most applicable system would be applied to the best suitable group. While applying a wrong process in gathering information would result in delaying the whole operation. The research topic requires a Qualitative method to evaluate the findings aimed for. A well framed questionnaire will be given in person. The appropriate tool for my research proposal would be a type of a survey, because the best way to obtain the required data , in order to find answers for my research questions ,would be asking a set of questions. Every methods of data collection have its own advantages as well as disadvantages. For example: Internet survey: Survey done through e-mails and file sharing. The advantages of Internet as a mode of survey are: 1. Survey can be set up faster. 2. Survey results are faster. 3. Response can be administered by allowing pre and post questions. 4. The skip-pattern questions can be used to eliminate interviewer error. 5. Respondent can answer at their own convenience. 6. Cost of interview in minimal. Although, Internet survey has many advantages, it might not be the most appropriate method of surveying for this dissertation. The reason behind this is the anonymity of the web, which makes any type of affirmation difficult, if not impossible. Postal Questionnaire is yet another type of survey which has the following advantages and disadvantages : Advantages Their costs are relatively low. Data can be obtained from large sample areas. Can avoid interview bias. Privacy settings can be enhanced for the respondents. Rating scales can be flexible. Disadvantages Poor response rates. Respondents may misinterpret questions. The intended person may not be the one who completed questionnaire. The relative nature of the questions to be posted is supposed to have confidential information, has made me to decide that postal questionnaire might be the most appropriate form for collecting information. The methods for data collection range from the simple use of postal questionnaire to face-to-face interviews, where an interviewer uses tape recorder and note taking as their tools for collecting information. Few of the methods are expensive but they surely guarantee a good response rate, while others being cheap to administer but are most likely to produce a poor response (Les Oakshott, 2001) SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION: The secondary data are the type of data that are made by others for their own purposes. The secondary data for my research proposal would be gathered from the companies own data archives and from their annual financial reports. In addition, the findings of former research studies on outsourcing an accounting process would give an ample amount of historical data or decision-making patterns. I would also be using Internet to get some more information about the industry and use journals for getting instruction from the past researches on this topic. TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS The data collected from the questionnaire would be analyzed through the SPSS text analysis. Different mode of SPSS analysis will be used in analyzing the data from the questionnaire. RESEARCH : NEW AND RELEVANT? Lately this topic has been quiet popular , with a boom in the hospitality industry there have been a lot of researcher working on this topic in order to understand the needs and behaviour of the people, so that they could suggest steps to improve and help grow the industry. The topic for this research is also a hot subject as the tourism industry is also connected with the hospitality industry and the tourism industry has progressed alot.

Abortion :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When one thinks about a topic that would have several different opinions, many things can come to mind. One thing that came to my mind was abortion because it is one of the most controversial issues in the United States, possibly the world. I reviewed several articles from several different sources and came to see that everyone sees the topic of abortion is a different way. Some see it simply as an election issue, and some see it as murder and think it should be banned. The articles I reviewed came from BBCnews.com, The Washington Post, The New York Times, and The Public Agenda.com.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tony Blair is one man that looks at abortion and wonders why it is an election issue. Tony Blair quoted, â€Å"Abortion is a very key issue. The policy supported by Mr. Howard is one that we would commend, on the way to a full abandonment of abortion.† This quote shows that Mr. Blair is one of the people who believe that abortion should be banned as well. The Catholic church supports him in this argument. But what about the thirteen year old girl who was raped. Should she be allowed to have an abortion when she becomes pregnant? She will not have this option if it is banned. According to the public agenda, more than three quarters of the American people believe that a woman should be allowed to have an abortion if having the child will affect the mothers health, if a woman is raped, or commits incest. This drops to thirty four percent when a woman wants to have an abortion because of economic issues, such as thinking they cannot afford to have a baby.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of the people believe that the government should not involved with the topic of abortion. I strongly agree with this. The one thing that really makes me angry is to see the American soldiers over in Iraq dieing to get rights for the people of Iraq, but yet the government is trying to take away our rights in America. A woman should be able to do what she wants with her body.

Monaco Building of the Paris 1889 Exposition Essay examples -- Archite

The Monaco Building of the Paris 1889 Exposition The Exposition Universelle de 1889 in Paris was meant to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution. It boasted new architectural styles, as well as the more generous use of electricity in the pavilions. In the earliest world's fairs, all the displays were housed collectively under one roof. This eventually changed to a different type of organization, where exhibits were separated into categories based on their content, as was already the case at the 1873 Vienna exhibition. At the 1876, 1878 and 1889 fairs, countries presented their own individual pavilions. While at first the international community seemed a bit hesitant to participate in a fair meant to celebrate a Revolution, many countries decided to participate and erect a special pavilion. Countries such as Japan, Siam, Persia, Turkey, Russia, Greece, as well as many Latin American nations presented national exhibits. When the 1889 Paris Exhibition is first mentioned, most people immediately think of the construction o f the famed Eiffel Tower. This striking monument, enhanced with nighttime lights, brought the admiration of many and earned itself a place as a permanent fixture and international symbol for Paris. The fair was known for its impressively modern constructions of iron and glass, such as Machinery Hall. The pavilion for the Principality of Monaco can be noted at this fair, not for its grand scale or modern appeal, but for its delicate return to a classic style which turned attention to a small, yet sophisticated nation. Its proximity to the Eiffel tower symbolized the ongoing relationship between France and Monaco. There were several reasons why Monaco received such attention at the fair, with its p... ...ch 1890, Volume 39, Issue 2 Making of America Collection, Cornell University Library http://www.boondocksnet.com/expos/paris1889.html "Impressions of the International Exhibition of 1889" The Century, December 1889 Making of America Collection, Cornell University Library http://www.boondocksnet.com/expos/paris1889.html "Paris Panorama of the Nineteenth Century" The Century, December 1889, Volume 39, Issue 2 Making of America Collection, Cornell University Library http://www.boondocksnet.com/expos/paris1889.html "Monaco" by Gale Force of Monaco http://monaco.mc/monaco/index.html "General Informations" by Monte-Carlo Multimedia, 2000 http://www.monte-carlo.mc/principalitymonaco/globalinformations/ Masson, Georgina. Italian Villas and Palaces. New York. Abrams.1966 Ree Paul van der. Italian Villas and Gardens: a corso di disegno. Amsterdam. Prestel.1992

Interview To Dow Jones :: essays research papers

Interview to Dow Jones Q. What is the biggest challenge facing Dow Jones in the next few years? A. To continue investing in new products and services that will strengthen our franchises, increase our competitiveness and produce new revenue flows in the future, while at the same time being careful in setting priorities, prudent in controlling costs, and committed to producing strong annual profits. Q. Who are the major competitors of Dow Jones? A. In the broadest sense, any quality products or services that compete for the time and attention of busy businesspeople compete with Dow Jones. More specifically, we have some franchises such as The Wall Street Journal that are dominant in their fields. In other cases, we face particular competitors; Dow Jones Telerate, for example, competes with Reuters in offering real-time financial information around the world. We believe, however, that Dow Jones is a unique company in a number of important respects. Our businesses are balanced roughly 50-50 between print and electronic information. More than 40% of our operating profit is now earned outside the U.S. We are a focused company. We are not a media conglomerate, nor an entertainment company. We stick to our business of business, providing information essential to an ever expanding and increasingly interconnected worldwide business community. Q. What is the strategy behind your television operations? A. Dow Jones aims to provide business news in any form customers want it. When we looked at our operations a few years ago, television was the missing means of delivery for our business news. We began by pioneering with Asia's first business channel, Asia Business News, in late 1993 and followed with Europe's first business channel, European Business News, in early 1995. Both have achieved significant distribution success and viewer acceptance. Both also take advantage of Dow Jones' existing news flows and news talent in those regions. When we launch WBIS+ in New York later this year, we will begin daily business programming in the U.S., thus adding the third component of a global business network. The ITT sports programming will help to draw even larger audiences. Q. What is the profile of a typical Wall Street Journal reader? A. The typical reader of the Journal spends 49 minutes every business day with the newspaper. He or she might be a senior executive of a large corporation or the entrepreneur-owner of a smaller company. The reader is more likely to live in California than New York, has a median age of 46 and a median household income of $117,900. Interestingly, most of the customers registering for the Journal's Internet service are not current Journal readers.

What Causes Conflict Between Adolescents and Their Parents

Introduction Conflicts in the family are usually considered as an undesirable symptom of a problem that need to be solved by family members. 1 In the family relationships, the parent-adolescent relationship represents an involuntary association, an imbalance of power and resources, and an obligation for the parent to function as caregiver. 2 While the presenting problem with most families is obviously parent-adolescent conflict. Adolescence is a period of increasing parent-child conflict and conflicts are thought to be rife and common during this development phase. In the puberty, Parents have the totally different interpretations of the conflicts against adolescents. Parents notice the disagreements caused from morality, personal safety and conformity concerns while adolescents consider them as personal choice. 4 This piece of work deals with the question what causes conflict adolescents and their parents. In the first part various issues causing the conflicts in families are introd uced. Building upon this, the next chapter concentrates on the analysing the reasons. And a final conclusion of the piece of work is given in the third part. 1. Cf. Samuel Vuchinich (1999) : p. 79 2. Daniel J. Canary,William R. Cupach,Susan J. Messman (1995) : p. 52 3. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) : quoted according to Riesch, Jackson, & Chanchong, (2003) : p. 150. 4. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) : quoted according to Smetana (1989) : p. 150. 2 Occurrence and Issues of Conflict Owing to that family members share the communal resources and so much time, conflicts are normative and inevitable. As the expressive form, usually family conflicts between parents and adolescents will behaved in a variety of ways like whining, complaining, yelling, crying to arguing, screaming and swearing, which ranged from giving up halfway during the chores to quarrelling and even fighting. 6 Those activities are undesirable in family harmony, everyone wants to live in a warm and so what should be done is to search for the reasons and then analyse them. The disagre ements and conflicts between parents and teenagers can be numerous and diverse. Difficulties associated with marital conflict or personal problem of individual family members lead to variable conflicts. 7 Ten main content categories which lead to conflicts were concluded and defined in Table 1 and the percent frequency of each part is given by Table 2. 8 (Tables are given in the Appendix) From these tables one can easily get the conclusion that doing chores, interpersonal relations, regulating activities and personality characteristics lead to conflicts the most frequently, accounting for 18%, 17%, 12% and 12% respectively. In addition, another research indicated that conflicts about chores and interpersonal relationships were more difficult to resolve than those about personal style. 9 5. Cf. Chris Segrin,Jeanne Flora (2005): quoted according to Sillarset al (2004) :p. 88 6. Cf. Russell A. Barkley, Christine M. Benton (1998) :p. 10. 7 Cf. Arthur L. Robin,Sharon L. Foster (2003) : p. 227 8. Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins(1988) :p. 95. 9. Cf. Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) : quoted according to Smetana, Yau, & Hanson, (1991) : p. 151 On the other hand, parents pay much more attention to adolescents` behavioral style, whereas the adolescents considered the restrictions on their interpersonal relationship as the chief issue leading to the conflicts. 10 Analysis the Reason The different values between parents and adolescents actually exist regarding to the tiny issues as discussed above and the differences always cause the disagreements. 11 During the adolescence, many adolescents refuse to accept the values and standpoints emerged by their parents. Disagreements related to different values finally develop into intense conflicts when both the two sides can not tolerate the other`s behaviour any more. 12 Recently, more attempts have been tried to explain the parent-adolescent conflict. The theory of transformation of family patterns of interaction is emphasized. 13 The theory illustrates that several years have been costed for parents and their children to establish an acceptable pattern of interaction, however, during the puberty of period, both the parent-adolescent relationships change because parties` evelopment, not just one side14. The adolescents are bound to get changes in both psychological and physical aspects. To be more specific, they begin to 10. Cf. Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins (1988) :p. 94. 11. Cf. Patricia Noller,Victor J. Callan (1991) :p. 49 12. Cf. Clarence J. Mann,Klaus Gotz (2006) :p. 110 13 Raymond Montemayor (1983):quoted according to Morton, Alexander, & Altman (1976) :p. 84 14 Cf. Daniel J. Canary,W illiam R. Cupach,Susan J. Messman (1995) quoted according to Smetana 4 (1988) : p. 60 demand increasingly independence and less restriction. On the same time, they cultivate new cognitions and expectations as getting more contact to the society. 15 For the alteration mentioned, the former balance is certainly to be broken. Then the whole family members are going to endeavor to learn from their experiences in their patterns of communication , made a decision if they should adopt or change the family models and form an adjustment of the family system in order to achieve new equilibrium. 16 During this deconstruction and reconstruction 17 procedure poor communication easily brings on conflicts. 15 Cf. Daniel J. Canary, William R. Cupach, Susan J. Messman (1995): p. 59 16 Cf. Peter M. Kellett,Diana (2001) : p. 152 17 Cf. Raymond Montemayor (1983):quoted according to Boszormenyi-Nagy (1973) :p. 84 5 Conclusion The family are, for most of the adolescents, the communicative context in which they learn how conflict should and should not be done. The conflict permeate everyday communication in family experiences become powerful guideposts for how one can avoid and solve conflicts throughout one`s daily life. Some of the common reasons cited for parent-adolescent conflict are chores, interpersonal relations, regulating activities and personality characteristics. A lack of understanding and empathy between parents and adolescents is likely to disrupt family harmony and lead to conflict. It is easy to conclude that early adolescence is more stressful than late adolescence because parents are establishing new guidelines and parameters regarding to acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Conflicts will not abate until the pubertal maturation and change of relationship are complete, typically by late adolescence. The final result is the eternal change in the relationship that the adolescents are permitted to take participation in family communication as an adult. 18 18 Cf. Anita L. Vangelisti (2004) :p. 35 6 Bibliography Samuel Vuchinich (1999) : Problem solving in families: research and practice Daniel J. Canary, William R. Cupach, Susan J. Messman (1995): Relationship conflict Lynn H. Turner,Richard L. West (2006) : The family communication sourcebook Chris Segrin,Jeanne Flora (2005) : Family communication Russell A. Barkley, Christine M. Benton (1998) : Your defiant child: 8 steps to better behavior Arthur L. Robin, Sharon L. Foster (2003) : Negotiating Parent-Adolescent Conflict: A Behavioral-Family Systems Approach Megan R. Gunnar,W. Andrew Collins(1988): Development during the transition to adolescence Patricia Noller,Victor J. Callan (1991) : The adolescent in the family Clarence J. Mann,Klaus Gotz (2006) : Borderless business: managing the far-flung enterprise Raymond Montemayor (1983): Parents and Adolescents in Conflict: All Families Some of the Time and Some Families Most of the Time Peter M. Kellett,Diana G. Dalton : Managing conflict in a negotiated world Anita L. Vangelisti (2004) : Handbook of family communication 7 Appendix Table1 :Definition of ten main content categories leading to conflicts Table2 :percent frequency of ten main content categories leading to conflicts Table 1 8 Table two 9

Optical Distortion Essay

I. Executive Summary The dilemma ODI faces is whether introduce its product at a higher price and continue process its multiproduct and multimarket strategy. Based on ODI limited resources and current situation of poultry industry in United States, it should focus on large-sized chicken farms and price ODI lenses at a higher level for the sake of its profits and its future business plan. II. Introduction With the fact existed in poultry industry in late 1970s that most of the chickens in United States were owned by some large farms. Optical Distortion, Inc., a contact lens company, has developed a kind of contact lens applied on chickens considered to hold enormous market potential. However, it is hard for ODI to decide how to price its products and how to extend its business nationwide considering its own limited resources. III. Analysis and Problem Identifications * Consumer Needs and WTP There are various-sized customers: small farm, medium farm, and large farm. They all suffered the loss caused by pecking order and cannibalism, and now most of them adopt the method of debeaking to reduce the impact of peck order, however, debeaking has some defects itself, and no matter what choice farmers make, they would concern following aspects before making the decision: whether the product or service is cost effective; the trauma that would bring to chickens, since traditional depeaking method would cause damage to the chickens in some degrees; the convenience of product usage is important especially for large farm; the after-sale services means if the company can provide professional follow-up services to the farm after purchasing. The larger farms, the more suffered from pecking order, will be more interested in our product and care about more on the quality of product or service and what economic value the product will bring to them. The value of OD I lens for farmers is the incremental benefit over existed depeaking methods minus the switching costs from depeaking to ODI lenses. Therefore ODI should take all the possible benefits that ODI would bring to farmers and also the costs of adopting ODI lens in to consideration. (See Exhibit 1) * Marketing Strategy Price The company agreed on the minimum price of $0.08 per pair, however, benefits the farmers would obtain justify a higher price than it. Nevertheless, with the price higher than $0.08, it would be risky to convince farmers take the products in to consideration seriously until they experienced the products themselves. Because of ODI limited resources, it should obtain maximum contribution as soon as possible to support its increasing fixed cost and variable cost. So I think ODI should price its lens higher than $0.08 per pair from the beginning, and forget the idea about introducing the lenses at lower price and raising it later since chicken farmers would probably not agree. Product Now ODI focus on developing contact lenses for chicken applications, and it is an innovative product for poultry industry that contains many advantages compared to depeaking method. However, it remains some problems like the lenses probably could not be reused. For ODI most potential customers, in this case, large farms, this problem may bring doubts about product’s economic value and ease of use which may increase the purchasing frequency and labor input. In addition, ODI may also think about becoming a multiple-product company in the future after establishing ODI lenses business with large chicken farms. They may consider develop additional product related to poultry industry based on more sophisticated technology and higher-level demand, they could also develop contact lenses for human applications as well as for nonhuman applications. Marketing and Communications ODI mainly focus on two ways approaching to its customers: advertising in the leading poultry industry publications, participating in the most important industry trade shows. I think ODI should continue the strategy and also take a multiple-dimension advertising strategy, such as advertising on some Business-to-Business commercial website related to poultry industry, since most of ODI target customers are large farms. Currently, ODI has one salesperson cover no more than 80 farms and one technical representative for each five salespeople, although it may bring labor cost if ODI decided to hire more people, the number of salespeople might not be enough for ODI to process its â€Å"think-big† strategy and when dealing with its large farm customers, ODI may need more technology representative as well as salespeople. ODI may also seek cooperation with large-sized farms by obtaining long-term licenses from them. Distribution Based on the region-by-region strategy, and the fact that most of the large farms which have the flock size 100,000 and over are located in California region and south Atlantic region, ODI should build its regional office and ware house in those regions and gradually establish the net to cover other regions by setting up smaller-sized regional office or warehouse in regions of lower demand. Promotion Since the customers usually would order large amount of pairs of lenses especially large farms, ODI could offer promotions like if purchasing over some level of amount, they might get a rebate or discount on the products. However, since ODI is still fragile with its limited capital resource and the margin of its products is connected tightly with the price, the price promotion may introduced after gaining more power of capital and coming up other competitors. Before ODI having the capability of processing price promotion, it could improve its service like prolong the time for which salespeople and technology representatives can track the entire course of application. * Competitive Strategy Benefit from its innovative technology and its patent and licensed protection of its products, ODI can hold off competitions for at least three years, therefore, ODI should not relax on its goal of multiproduct and multimarket company in the country, find a way to build brand image and close business relationship with suppliers and consumers, ODI should prepared well for confronting competitors by continuing product update and improving services, and ODI should also protect its proprietary technology by issuing patent. * Intermediary Consideration – Supplier New World Plastics is the exclusive supplier to one of the materials for ODI lens. Because New World Plastic controlled the patents for hydrophilic polymer, on one hand, ODI should maintain the relationship with New World Plastic since ODI obtained a long-term license from it for exclusive use of hydrophilic polymer for nonhuman applications, and New World Plastic agreed not to produce polymer for other firms seeking nonhuman markets, this would provide more time for ODI to expand its influence in industry, on the other hand, ODI should keep the multiple-product strategy so that seek more bargaining power in this relationship and try to diverse risk of depending on limited suppliers IV. Alternatives Evaluation Option 1: Keep â€Å"think-big† strategy with lower price If ODI plan to cling to its multimarket and multiproduct strategy, it should try to open the market as soon as possible, since for now it was limited by its scale and resources, it is hard for ODI to obtain considerable investment. To this end, ODI may consider capturing market at first place, therefore, it should provide price which its customer preferred. However, once the price is introduced, it is difficult for ODI to raise it in the future, moreover, it is urgent for ODI to obtain maximum contribution on account of its current situation. Option 2: Keep â€Å"think-big† strategy with premium price Although farm owners may not recognize the benefits of adopting ODI lenses are much greater than $0.08 per pair, ODI can altering this by advertising extensively or promoting products by free samples and making more approaches to customers. Because ODI lenses are a kind of innovation for poultry industry, and there are certainly no incumbents in the market or competitors in at least 3 years, ODI have some level of pricing power. Given premium price, ODI are able to maintain its marginal profits, and also beneficial for its business expansion, since the margin should cover the costs of additional region offices and warehouse and advertising costs. Once ODI established its ODI lenses business, it can seek more opportunities in the market by expanding its production lines and creating newly favorable categories with additional capital and production capability. Option 2: Keep â€Å"one-product† strategy with premium price Considering its limited resources, it is unrealistic for ODI to expand its production lines immediately, the ODI lenses are still an immature product in market, and ODI will face uncertainties as the project carrying on. Therefore, ODI currently has not extra resources regarding other products and markets. Despite of growing numbers of chickens and farms, poultry industry shows a trend that chicken population are more and more focus on large farms but the growth in number of large farms of over 100,000 flock size is not as rapid as in the number of the chicken that they own (See Exhibit 2). Therefore, the market potential is quite limited in the long run and ODI should open a broader market. V. Recommendations and Conclusion If ODI lenses priced at a premium level at first, ODI could obtain more margin and it don’t need to worry about the difficulties in raising price in the future. It should also focus on improving the quality and services of ODI lenses, try to build up solid business relationship with its suppliers and customers, also find multiple ways of advertising and increasing the customers’ awareness and accessibility of products. For ODI business expansion plan, I think ODI should focus on large-sized farms at the beginning; put aside its business expansion temporally and focus on promoting ODI lenses regionally based on its limited resource. ODI should rely on technology updating, more effective advertising, and better services to build up brand image and occupy market share. After ODI lenses widely accepted by the market, ODI can start marching to other categories maybe poultry related products or non-poultry industry, based on its experiences a nd technology in this field.

Unsolved Mysteries – Physics

Unsolved Mysteries – Beyond the standard model The Standard Model is nowhere near perfect. It may explain the six quarks, leptons, and four forces, but it is not complete. There are still questions about antimatter, dark matter, and the inability for the Standard Model to predict particle mass. There is no guarantee that quarks and leptons are actually fundamental. Lastly, scientists still don't understand gravity's role. Unsolved Mysteries – The standard model as a theory The Standard Model is not wrong. However, it needs to be added to as it is an incomplete theory. https://donemyessay.com/physics/If the Standard Model can be expanded to understand mass, gravity, and other important pieces of information. Unsolved Mysteries – Three Generations There are three different sets of quark and lepton pairs, and these sets are called generations. Scientists do not know why there are only three generations, or why they exist in the first place. For example, up/down are first generation quarks, and the electron and its neutrino are the first generation leptons. Unsolved Mysteries – What about masses? The Standard Model also has another major flaw, as it cannot explain why a article has a certain mass.Scientists believe it is linked to something called the Higgs field, and are looking for a Higgs boson. However, these theories are still unconfirmed. Unsolved Mysteries – Grand Unified Theory Scientists have a major goal of creating a theory which will combine all of the fundamental forces into one, which would allow them to understand t he universe. It would also give scientists more answers and make study possibly easier. James Maxwell was successful at unifying electricity and magnetism. Unsolved Mysteries – Forces and the Grand Unified TheoryThere is a belief currently swinging around that forces may merge at high energies. This means that all interactions we observe are all different aspects of the same, unified interaction. This does not make complete sense to scientists, which makes everything confusing. The Grand Unifying Theory also implies that there is a force-carrier particle to cause protons to decay. Unsolved Mysteries – Supersymmetry Another interesting idea is the existence of â€Å"squarks†. These supersymmetric shadow particles need to exist, apparently, for gravity to make sense and be able to e combined with other fundamental theories.Scientists do not know if they actually exist yet. Unsolved Mysteries – String theory The fact that we live in three dimensions means th at quantum mechanics, relativity, and gravity do not actually go together too well. There is a belief that particles are strings and membranes which are also involved with very small dimensions. All of this is confusing. Unsolved Mysteries – Extra Dimensions The idea of extra dimensions comes from the fact that, as humans, we cannot see everything. To a smaller creature, these extra dimensions may be more visible.A preterred example is a tlea and a human on a tightrope. although the human can only go one way, the flea has more options. This technically creates another dimension that only the flea can use. Unsolved Mysteries – Dark matter Lastly, there is also the idea that the Earth is not made up of the same material as a majority of the universe. There is invisible dark matter which is involved with gravitational effects. There is also evidence that it is not made up of protons, neutrons, or electrons, but perhaps one of the supersymmetric particles, or something tha t has yet to be discovered.

Burberry Case Study Essay

1. The Burberry brand has be come a symbol of both luxury and durability. The brand has been repositioned to a niche market between cutting-edge fashion apparel, like Armani, and classic fashion apparel, like Polo Ralph Lauren. Burberry has also excelled in the accessories market, positioning itself between the Coach and Gucci brands. Burberry does not want to be cutting-edge fashion and at the same time, does not want to be viewed as just classic, as this market is already saturated with other brands. Burberry represents â€Å"accessible luxury†, meaning they were fashionable, but also functional. Burberry’s competitive position is sustainable over the long-term providing that the industry itself remains stable. Burberry’s competitors, like Ralph Lauren, have proven that they can maintain their position over the long-term in both low-end traditional and high-end fashion markets so I believe Burberry has the capability to do the same. Burberry maintains its posit ion of fashionable and functional. If they can do this, the barrier to entry for this niche should remain too high for competitors to enter. 2. Since her arrival at Burberry, Rose Marie Bravo set out to make Burberry â€Å"great from a global perspective†. She attempted to do this by implementing multiple key changes to the Burberry brand. These changes include repositioning the brand, updating the product line, establishing flagship stores, expanding the brand portfolio, and promoting the new brand image. Bravo was able to reposition the Burberry brand into the category of luxury brand. She did so by filling an empty gap in the market, between that of classic fashion and cutting-edge fashion. The goal of this change was to attract younger customers while retaining their core customer base. While repositioning a brand is always risky, finding a niche market and not directly competing with these other luxury brands helped Burberry to minimize some of the risk from the change. Burberry also limited risk by catering to both fashion and function. The next change that Bravo made was to update the product line. Bravo and her team drastically cut the number of products from 100,000 to 24,000, eliminating outdated designs and creating a consistent look across all of their products. They began to classify their products into two separate categories: continuity or fashion-oriented. The continuity products, such as the classic trench coat, were expected to have a life cycle that lasted  over a number of years. The fashion-oriented products were designed to react to the newest fashion trends and typically only had a seasonal life cycle. These changes significantly reduced the risk of the Burberry transformation. Burberry had three primary collections: womenswear, menswear, and accessories. The womenswear line expanded from its traditional focus on winter and autumn season to include apparel for the spring and summers seasons as well, appealing to a broader range of customers. The meanswear collection was very â€Å"cross-generational†, spanning from young urban professionals to older, classic men. The accessories collection was not as fashion oriented and also did not have to accommodate different size variations, so therefore it generated less risk than the apparel collections. The establishment of flagship stores has also helped to minimize risk by acting as a testing ground for new concepts and designs before they are distributed to a wider market. Also, Burberry has maintained a strong vision and consistent voice, which has helped establish it’s brand image and maintain its brand credibility. By expanding the brand portfolio from just the company’s core label, Burberry London, into the high end with it’s Prorsum label, Burberry was able to reinforce it’s new positioning in the luxury market. Expanding into this market does come with added risk, given the volatility of the high-end fashion market. The Prorsum label is able to mitigate some of this risk by providing Burberry with a â€Å"laboratory for ideas† that they are able to implement into other areas of their business. Burberry was also able to mitigate the risk of the transition by successfully promoting it’s new brand image. Burberry was able to portray itself as a heritage brand while at the same time associating itself with a trendier, more modern look.

Contextualizing the Effects of the Ruhr Crisis on the Second World War Essay

Contextualizing the Effects of the Ruhr Crisis on the Second World War - Essay Example The Occupation of Ruhr by the French triggered a domino effect of failures and problems that indirectly contributed to the inexorability of a second world war. The issue of reparations and the extent of the effects of the Ruhr crisis comprise â€Å"an excruciatingly tangled thicket into which only a few intrepid explorers have ventured.† However, if one must venture into this tangled thicket, one must plot a course that will show the clearest way to untangle it and take out the unnecessary weeds. In this sense, because the post-war period and the Ruhr crisis involve a lot of events and activities, one must sort through this stream of information and pick out only what is relevant. That is to say that the course exhibited in this paper is not the only explanation as another person may view the events in a different light and may go through a different route. Furthermore, the Ruhr Occupation and World War II are separated by sixteen long years; and so, it is very difficult to sa y for certain that the former caused the latter. Hence, this paper will attempt to show a complete analysis of the significant chain of events that explains why the Ruhr Crisis made a great contribution to the inevitability of a second world war through a shift or a regression in the European balance of power. France’s failure to achieve her goal of industrial expansion through the Occupation of Ruhr proved to be catastrophic as it not only drove a wedge between Britain and France and diminished her power in Europe, but it also created a chain of events that led to Germany’s reinforced supremacy that tipped the balance of power in her favor and the latter’s thirst for revenge that contributed greatly to the inevitability of World War II.

What requirements Texas Courts impose for someone to be an expert in Research Paper - 1

What requirements Texas Courts impose for someone to be an expert in medical malpractice - Research Paper Example Legal statutes, and laws in America, and to be more precise, in the state of Texas, have continued to change, as some parts of this statutes, have exhibited signs and mannerisms that are not entirely right, as of today. Other parts on the other hand have suffered judicial refining, that has sorted them either demolished, and some being re-structured to come out in a very different approach. As mentioned above, one statute often cited in court rulings meant to deal with the issue of medical malpractice in Texas is that of a two-year statute of limitations. When narrowed down, this is translated that, no medical malpractice issue in the state of Texas, may be brought fourth, after a period exceeding two years from the date of completion of treatment (Austin, 2012). For one to rightfully assume the title of an expert in medical malpractice, and in this case, in the state of Texas, it is of utmost importance that the individual follows the basic rules, as per the constitution of America. Many may ask the question, why is this? Primarily, such level of expertise has to be legal, and in accordance with the law. Any act that done contrary to the law, is consequently punishable in a court of law, and with this, there would not be any consideration of one being an expert, while behind bars. The Texas legislature in the year 1977 passed a well-debated and conclusively deliberated act that provided for victims medical liability as well as insurance. This statute put up with the main intention to offer subsequent response in occasion of a needy situation, to a particular case perceived with crisis in medical malpractice, was just what the public needed. The article of law that ruled over such scenarios brought with it pre-suit notification to the particular parties involved, professional reports that came by early, in the litigation process, as well as what would be

To what extent does the British experience differ when compared Essay

To what extent does the British experience differ when compared against the major competitors - Essay Example The cause of the increase in unemployment is still associated with various issues that citizens claim to have resulted from poor decision making in the UK. They include the agreement to join the ERM, international economics, and the Lawson boom. However, the consequences were severely bitter in the intensity of unemployment, let alone deterioration in public finances. According to Mullard, â€Å"between 1990 and 1992 UK unemployment increased from 1.8 million to nearly 3 million, while public finances moved from a positive balance in 1990 to a public sector deficit of  £50 billion in 1993 – an equivalent of 8 per cent of GDP†.The situation occurred when most of the workforce in Britain was concentrated in manufacturing industries, especially in the northern cities where steel, coal, and engineering industries were common. Although the OECD countries accounted for almost 35 million job loss between 1970 and 2000, the UK experience which fluctuated between 2 and 3 milli on job loss exceeded Germany and France who accounted for 1.1 and 1.4 millions respectively; with Yorkshire, East Lancashire, and South Yorkshire holding 10 percent each, of the unemployment rate in 1980s in UK. It is evident that the employers in UK shed more labor to minimize losses that when the calm from recession was returning, the existing labour force was insufficient to run effectively. The average rate of unemployment between 1981 and 85 was 10.5, 5.6, 6.2, 9.0 and 8.3 in UK, Italy, Germany, France and USA respectively (Irvin, 2011, p. 5).The unemployment duration seemed to contribute significantly to the increase in unemployment in

The compensation and benefit strategy of an organization Coursework

The compensation and benefit strategy of an organization - Coursework Example The research studies show that company managers are not focusing on these kinds of additional benefits for the employees. Compensation can include monetary and non-monetary terms. The additional component to basic salary includes health insurance, performance bonuses, retirement investment opportunities, awards, gold medals and many other benefits, which actually motivate employees and attract the potential capable people to become a part of the organization. These compensation packages actually help any organization to increase the job satisfaction level of the employees, to decrease the absenteeism rate of the employees and enhance organizational commitment towards the mutually shared goals. All of these ultimately help to achieve the main milestone of low employee turnover rate in the organization. Here we are taking the example of the famous pesticide Company Bayer. Bayer Crop Science is a multinational Company having its widespread operations in many countries including Asian countries. The strategy and policy making for the multinational companies is a little bit different from other companies. All the multinational companies have to make their policies and strategies in the way that they can be fit according to the norms and values of different cultures. For this purpose, they can go for a standard set of the policies and the strategies, which can help them to cop up with the problems. Another solution can be the flexibility in the decision making process and the strategy making so that they can be changed according to any specific geographical area or territory. Bayer Crop Science is working hard on the improvement of the compensation packages and other benefits plans. The Human resource managers at Bayer Crop Science truly know the importance of these compensation plans and their beneficial impacts on the employee’s

Human Resource Development at Primark Stores Ltd Research Proposal

Human Resource Development at Primark Stores Ltd - Research Proposal Example During the study an effort will be made to observe the general working at Primark store in Manchester to seek answers to the following key objectives. Prerequisite to a decent work culture is about respecting individuals and treating everyone, customers and colleagues, with dignity. How Primark has been able to adopt a balancing approach towards motivating the workforce. Research approaches and methods radically influence research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. Research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analyzed and used. This thesis is a qualitative case study which focuses on an analysis of the HR policies prevailing in the retail industry in general and Primark in particular. To carry out such a study in general we resort to two main approaches; Deductive reasoning, which works from the more general to the more specific subjects. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. In such approach we take up the 'theory' and then try to apply it to the hypotheses that we intend to test. Gradually we narrow down to the testing of data and observations for their applicability to the theory/ theories to arrive at a confirmation of its applicability or not. The Inductive approach on the other hand begins with collecting data, specific observations, which then lead to broader generalization and theories. Such an approach in called as "bottom up" approach. The patterns thus detected are formulated into tentative hypotheses and we can therefore arrive at some general conclusion about our subject. In this case the study will be more of an inductive one as I'll be observing the functioning of the store, talking to the boys and girls out there about there working hours, compensation etc. During the process I'll also be interacting with some customers to solicit there views about the Primark and the employees in general. Data Collection Secondary Sources: Such data can be collected from the existing literature, research reports, company leaflets, information brochure etc. Primary Sources: Such data can be collected by interacting with the staff, management, customers and other stakeholders. By observing the working and the supply/ distribution chain also we can gather first hand data. It will be little difficult to interact with the top management of the company but I will surely try to meet some of the seniors at the retail outlet. Time Scale and Resources Efforts would be made to complete the different modules of the project leading to the completion of the project as per the following timeline (Note-These are completion dates). Submission of Proposal: Oct 12, 2007 Interaction with the Tutor: October 16, 2007 Inclusion of suggestions by the tutor: October 17, 2007 Preparation of questionnaire: October 25, 2007 Data

Non-probability Samples in Management Research Essay - 1

Non-probability Samples in Management Research - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that all individuals have equal chances of being considered for selection in probability sampling. The outcomes of probability sampling are more likely to give a fairly accurate representation or reflection of the entire population. It is imperative that researchers consider the availability, time, cost, and the subject to research about when choosing a sampling technique. Probability sampling has gained vast popularity among scholars in both fields of quantitative and qualitative study. Overall, researchers or project managers would employ non-probability in the survey while holding on to a basic assumption that the entire population has evenly distributed characteristics. In this case, non-probability samples would be relevant in generating accurate results, as well as inferences about the population under study. Even though non-probability samples are ineffective for generalizations of results about the entire population, they are highly b eneficial when the researcher faces workforce constraints, inadequate funding, accessibility problems, and limited time. A non-probability sample refers to a sample or sampling technique that is not based on the methods of random selection. On the contrary, probability samples are based on random selection techniques. All individuals or subjects in a probability sample have equal chances of being considered for selection during probability sampling. First, non-probability samples are valuable in circumstances where only the sample units that are conveniently and easily accessed. Secondly, non-probability samples enable the researcher to generate ideas and get constructive feedback. A typical case is when a project manager uses quota samples (females and males) to generate important ideas and obtain pertinent feedback. Thirdly, non-probability sampling is less costly and more convenient. The sample is widely applicable in situations where the researcher wants to generate ideas throug h sampling but lacks adequate funding to undertake a more comprehensive study of the entire population.

Corrections Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Corrections - Research Paper Example Therefore, this paper evaluates the various available forms of corrections for offenders ranging from incarceration to community based corrections. Appreciating the important role played by correction officers in charge of handling and controlling prisoners, the paper evaluates the in-depth responsibilities of these officers, their academic qualifications and attributes necessary for effective executions of their mandate. It would also be critical to analyze the classifications of prisons and the security levels that define these classifications. Introduction In the US, sentencing ranges from restitution, fines, probation supervision, community service, suspended sentences and imprisonment terms to execution in cases of capital offences. Sentencing as a legal process defines the anticipation of the correctional function which carries out these sentences. The correctional function on the other hand define the last component of the criminal justice activities continuum in the criminal justice system responsible for the execution of sentencing orders issued by criminal courts (Cripe, Pearlman & Kosiak, 2012). Correction encompasses the probation authority, jail terms, community corrections agencies, prisons and paroling authorities. In addition to these five traditional and principal components of corrections, this component of the justice system could also include clerks of courts charged with collection of fines and restitution money and also those who assist in the supervision of offenders in the community. Probation refers to imprisonment alternative sentences which allow the defendant to be integrated into the community, stay at home and continue working (Cripe, Pearlman & Kosiak, 2012). However, such a person would be needed to report to a probation officer on a regular basis for counseling and assistance in crises. Violation of the conditions normally imposed by the court to govern the defendant’s activities could result in negative report being subm itted to the court. If serious enough, the probation could be revoked by the court. The courts rely on probation officers for such reports which could cause the defendant to be imprisoned. Lack of payment of fines and restitutions could cause the defendant to possibly face a jail term to serve as a sanction. As another form of correction, incarceration involves confining inmates in a prison. These include boot camps, weekend programs, half-way houses, also referred to as residential reentry centers and other entities for locking up individuals overnight. But a prisoner could be released before finishing the prison term if such a prisoner agrees to abide by certain conditions. This is referred to as parole and if the parole conditions get violated, the prisoner could be returned to prison. Fines would normally be used with or in lieu of prison terms. Less severe crimes such as traffic offenses have come to appreciate fines as the acceptable mode of punishment due to being punitive, e asier to administer and easily fits within a wide range of severity of crimes. However, it has been argued as being unavailable to indigent defendants and not being punitive enough for the wealthy defendants (Clear, Cole, Reisig & Petrosino, 2012). Restitution on the other hand tries to make the injured whole through administration of monetary awards as damages. In as much as